SB - Spina Bifida

SB-Spinal bifida

Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect (NTD) that affects the development of the spine and spinal cord. It typically becomes apparent at birth and occurs when the neural tube fails to close completely during early fetal development. This results in part of the spine remaining open, potentially exposing and damaging the spinal cord and surrounding nerves.
The severity of spina bifida varies widely, depending on the size, location of the defect, and whether the spinal cord or nerves are involved.

Causes of SB-Spina bifida

While the exact cause is unknown, several factors are associated with an increased risk:

• Low folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy
• Family history of neural tube defects
• Use of certain medications during pregnancy (e.g., anti-seizure drugs)
• Maternal diabetes or obesity (in some cases)

Common Signs and Symptoms of SB-Spina bifida

Spina bifida presents in different forms, each with varying degrees of severity:

1. Myelomeningocele (Most severe form)

• A fluid-filled sac protrudes from the baby’s back, containing parts of the spinal cord and nerves.
• Nerve tissue is often damaged or exposed.
• Common complications include paralysis or weakness in the legs, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and loss of sensation below the affected area.
• Often associated with hydrocephalus (fluid accumulation in the brain).

2. Meningocele (Moderate form)

• A sac of fluid pushes through the spinal opening but does not contain spinal cord tissue.
• Usually causes minimal or no nerve damage.
• Disabilities, if present, tend to be mild.

3. Spina Bifida Occulta (Mildest form)

• Known as “hidden” spina bifida.
• No visible opening or sac; the spinal defect is covered by skin.
• Often asymptomatic and may go undetected until later in life.
• Usually does not cause disability.