Myelomeningocele

Myelomeningocele

Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of Spina Bifida, a type of neural tube defect (NTD) that occurs during early fetal development. It results from the failure of the spinal canal and vertebrae to close completely, leading to a sac-like protrusion on the back that contains part of the spinal cord and its protective membranes. This condition is typically visible at birth and can cause significant physical and neurological impairments.

Causes of Myelomeningocele

While the exact cause is not fully understood, several factors are known to contribute to the development of myelomeningocele, including:

• Folic acid deficiency during the early stages of pregnancy
• Genetic predisposition or family history of neural tube defects
• Environmental influences, such as maternal illness, certain medications, exposure to harmful substances, or uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy

Symptoms of Myelomeningocele

The symptoms of myelomeningocele can vary based on the location and severity of the spinal defect. Typical signs and complications include:

• A visible sac or lump on the lower back at birth
• Muscle weakness or paralysis in the lower limbs
• Loss of bowel and bladder control
• Hydrocephalus (accumulation of fluid in the brain), which may require surgical intervention
• Learning disabilities or developmental delays in some cases