Dystonia

Dystonia

Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that lead to repetitive movements or abnormal postures. It can affect a single body region such as the hand, neck, or face or involve multiple areas at once. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may interfere with daily activities and quality of life.

Causes of Dystonia

In many cases, the exact cause of dystonia remains unknown. However, several factors are known to contribute, including:

• Specific genetic mutations
• Brain or spinal cord injuries
• Side effects from certain medications
• Chemical imbalances in the brain, particularly involving dopamine
  
  

Common Signs and Symptoms of Dystonia

The symptoms of dystonia can vary depending on the muscle groups affected. They may include:

• Involuntary muscle contractions or spasms
• Twisting or repetitive movements of the neck, limbs, or torso
• Abnormal postures, such as a tilted neck, contorted hands, or distorted facial expressions
• Symptoms that worsen with voluntary movement and improve with rest
• Pain or discomfort caused by prolonged muscle contractions